Most research suggests that acne results from a disorder of the sebaceous glands which secrete an oily substance known as sebum. Many skin doctors believe a male sex hormone androgen -- present in both males and females -- stimulates the production of sebum. When excess sebum builds up in the pores, bacteria multiplies and follicles fester. Hormonal imbalances caused by puberty, pregnancy, menstruation, menopause, and even stress can trigger acne outbreaks, as can certain drugs such as birth control pills and anabolic steroids. Genetics play a part as well. If your parents or siblings had acne, there's a good chance you will, too.
Blackheads appear when a pore is partially blocked. Therefore only some of the oil, bacteria and dead skin cells drain to the surface of the skin. The black color is a reaction of the skin's pigment reacting to the oxygen in the air. Blackheads are known to be very stubborn and many get aggravated at trying to rid them of the skin. The best bet is to exfoliate the skin on a regular basis. This will help remove the dead skin cells from the top layer of skin which will further block the pores. If this does not help, extractions can be done - however it is best to have an esthetician or dermatologist perform the task. Many people are quick to use their fingers to extract - which can actually damage the skin - if performed the wrong way - the bacteria can be pushed deeper into the skin causing an infection. An esthetician should use an extractor - a special tool used to give even pressure around a pore.
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